Spanish media coverage of journalistic artificial intelligence: relevance, topics and framing

Sonia Parratt-Fernández; María-Ángeles Chaparro-Domínguez; Isabel-María Martín-Sánchez

doi:10.14198/MEDCOM.25169

Autores/as

Sonia Parratt-Fernández Profesora Titular de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-3115
María-Ángeles Chaparro-Domínguez Profesora Contratada Doctora interina, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-388X
Isabel-María Martín-Sánchez Profesora Contratada Doctora de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-8920

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM.25169

Palabras clave:

Artificial intelligence, framing, journalism, media, media coverage, Spain, Cobertura mediática, España, inteligencia artificial, medios de comunicación, periodismo

Resumen

La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha convertido en un tema muy discutido debido a su implementación en muchas áreas, incluida la periodística. Se examina la cobertura de la IA periodística en medios escritos españoles, particularmente la relevancia otorgada, los temas tratados y el encuadre desde el que se aborda, mediante un análisis de contenido cuantitativo y un análisis estadístico. La IA periodística solo aparece como tema principal en un tercio de los casos, está cada vez más presente, se distribuye en más secciones y aparece principalmente en piezas escritas por periodistas de los medios. Predominan los textos informativos, pero son los periodistas quienes escriben la mayoría de los interpretativos y prácticamente todos los opinativos, promoviendo así el conocimiento y el debate público. Se ocupan principalmente de la aplicación más extendida de la IA, que es la automatización, muy por encima de los problemas laborales y éticos. La IA periodística suele enmarcarse más desde sus beneficios que de sus riesgos, pero recientemente se observan algunos cambios: una creciente preocupación por sus peligros e implicaciones éticas; la detección de abundantes piezas con encuadre personal, donde los periodistas hablan de su profesión y del uso de ChatGPT; y una creciente relevancia del encuadre episódico con el desarrollo de productos de IA. Este estudio podría haber examinado todo tipo de medios, aunque habría ido más allá de la naturaleza exploratoria de esta investigación pionera. Con este trabajo ampliamos la producción científica sobre IA periodística en España, donde esta perspectiva no ha sido analizada.

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